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INTRODUCTION |
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La Société internationale de défense
sociale pour une politique criminelle humaniste dédie ce Volume à la mémoire
de Adolfo Beria di Argentine, son secrétaire général puis son
vice-président de 1966 à 2000. The International Society of Social Defence and Humane Criminal Policy dedicates this Volume to the memory of Adolfo Beria di Argentine, former ISSD Secretary-General and Vice-President (1966 to 2000). |
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DEFENSE
SOCIALE ET DROIT PENAL POUR LA PROTECTION DES GENERATIONS FUTURES, EN
PRESENCE DES RISQUES NOUVEAUX Actes
du XIVème CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE DEFENSE SOCIALE SOCIAL
DEFENCE AND CRIMINAL LAW FOR THE PROTECTION
OF COMING GENERATIONS, IN VIEW OF THE NEW RISKS Proceedings
of XIVth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SOCIAL DEFENCE Lisbon,
Portugal, 17-19 May 2002 Centro
Cultural de Belém à l'initiative de/at the initiative of Société internationale de défense sociale
pour une politique criminelle humaniste Centro nazionale di prevenzione e difesa sociale sous les
auspices du/under
the auspices of Ministry of Justice of Portugal en
coopération avec/in co-operation with
Centre
for International Crime Prevention (CICP) of
the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCCP)
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CAHIERS
DE DEFENSE SOCIALE
Direction
et Rédaction / Editorial Board Comité
de rédaction / Editorial
Committee Secrétariat
de rédaction / Editorial
Secretariat |
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SOCIETE
INTERNATIONALE DE DEFENSE SOCIALE POUR UNE POLITIQUE CRIMINELLE HUMANISTE
- SIDS
Organisation dotée de statut
consultatif
auprès du Conseil économique
et social des Nations Unies
INTERNATIONAL
SOCIETY OF SOCIAL DEFENCE AND HUMANE CRIMINAL POLICY - ISSD
Organization in Consultative
Status with the
Economic and Social Council
of the United Nations CONSEIL
DE DIRECTION/BOARD Président
/ President: Simone
ROZES, premier président honoraire de la Cour de cassation de France Secrétaire
général / Secretary-General: Edmondo
BRUTI LIBERATI, substitut du Procureur général près la Cour d'appel de
Milan Secrétaire
général adjoint / Assistant-Secretary-General: Adolfo
CERETTI, professeur associé de criminologie à l'Université de Milan-Bicocca Vice-présidents
/ Vice-Presidents: Adedokun
A. ADEYEMI, Professor and Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Lagos
Tolani
ASUNI, Psychiatrist; Former Director, United Nations Social Defence
Research Institute Paolo
BERNASCONI, professeur de droit pénal de l'économie aux Universités de
Saint Gall et de Zürich Pierre-Henri
BOLLE, professeur de législations pénales, doyen de l'Université de
Neuchâtel Jorge
DE FIGUEIREDO DIAS, président du Conseil scientifique de la Faculté de
droit de l'Université de Coimbra; ancien président de la Fondation
internationale pénale et pénitentiaire Elio
GOMEZ GRILLO, directeur de l'Institut de sciences pénales et
criminologiques de l'Université Simon Bolivar de Caracas
Vladimir
KOUDRIAVTSEV, Vice-President, Russian Academy of Sciences Gerhard
O.W. MUELLER, Distinguished Professor of Criminal Justice, Rutgers
University, Newark, N. J. Reynald
OTTENHOF, professeur à l'Université de Nantes; vice-président de
l'Association internationale de droit pénal; Vice-président de
l'Institut supérieur international de sciences criminelles (ISISC) Mario
PISANI, professeur de procédure pénale à l'Université de Milan; directeur
des "Cahiers de défense sociale" Constantin
VOUYOUCAS, professeur émérite de droit pénal de l'Université Aristote
de Thessalonique Secrétaires
généraux régionaux/Regional Secretaries-General: pour
l'Afrique / for Africa: A.
Aziz SHIDDO, Advocate and Commissioner for Oaths, Karthoum (Sudan) Ayodele
Victoria OYAYOBI ATSENUWA, Lecturer in the Department of Public Law,
University of Lagos (Nigeria) Maher
ABDEL-WAHED, First Assistant to the Minister of Justice; Vice-President,
Egyptian Cassation Court (Arab Republic of Egypt) pour
l'Amérique Latine / for Latin America: Bernardo
BEIDERMAN, ancien professeur de criminologie et de droit pénal de
l'Université nationale de Buenos Aires (Argentina) Paulo
José DA COSTA, Professor of Penal Law, State University of São Paulo (Brazil)
Alì
LASSER, ex-juez de menores, Caracas (Venezuela) Louis
RODRIGUEZ MANZANERA, Criminológo;
Director Academia Nacional de Seguridad Pública (Mexico) pour
les Etats-Unis d'Amérique / for the United States of America: Freda
ADLER, Distinguished Professor of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University,
Newark, N. J. Pedro
R. DAVID, Juez
de la Cámara Nacional de Casación Penal de la República Argentina y
Miembro del Grupo de cinco Expertos, designado por el Secretario General
de la ONU para evaluar el funcionamiento y operatividad de los Tribunales
Penales Internacionales para la Ex-Yugoslavia y Rwanda pour
l'Europe / for Europe: Luis
ARROYO ZAPATERO, recteur de l'Université de Castilla-La Mancha (Espagne)
Matti
JOUTSEN, Director, International
Affairs Unit, Ministry of Justice, Helsinki (Finland) pour
l'Asie / for Asia: Hira
SINGH, Former Consultant, National Human Rights Commission, New Delhi
(India) Tadashi
MORISHITA, Professor Emeritus of Penal Law, Hiroshima University (Japan) Membres
/ Members: Ljubo
BAVCON, professeur émérite de droit pénal de l'Université de Ljubljana Giacomo
CANEPA, professeur émérite de médecine légale et criminologie, Département
de médecine légale, du travail, psychologie médicale et criminologie,
Université de Gênes; président honoraire de la Société internationale
de criminologie Orlando
CONTRERAS PULIDO, professeur de droit pénal et de criminologie à
l'Université centrale du Venezuela Mireille
DELMAS MARTY, professeur à l'Université Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne);
membre de l'Institut universitaire de France Giuseppe
di GENNARO, président adjoint honoraire de la Cour de cassation d'Italie Sergio
GARCIA RAMIREZ, professeur de droit pénal à l'Université de Mexique;
procureur général de la République (Mexique) Giovanni
Battista GRAMATICA, avocat à Gênes Joseph
HÄUSSLING, Président honoraire du Sénat de l'Université Witten/Herdecke;
professeur de l'Université Lodewik
H. C. HULSMAN, Professor Emeritus of Penal Law, Nederlande Economische
Hogeschool, Rotterdam Hans-Heinrich
JESCHECK, ancien directeur du "Max-Planck-Institut fuer
auslaendisches und internationales Strafrecht" de Fribourg e. Br.; président
honoraire de l'Association internationale de droit pénal Zoran
KANDUC, professeur agrégé de criminologie à l'Université de Ljubljana Alvar
NELSON, Professor Emeritus of Penal Law, Uppsala University Raymond
SCREVENS, président émérite de la Cour de cassation de Belgique;
directeur du Centre national de criminologie, Bruxelles Colette
SOMERHAUSEN, ancien chef de travaux de recherche de l'Institut de
sociologie de l'Université libre de Bruxelles Denis
SZABO, directeur du Centre international de criminologie comparée de
l'Université de Montréal; président honoraire de la Société
internationale de criminologie Klaus
TIEDEMANN, directeur de l'Institut de criminologie et de droit pénal des
affaires de la Albert-Ludwigs Universität de Fribourg e. Br. Aglaia
TSITSOURA, ancien administrateur principal en charge de la Division des
problèmes criminels du Conseil de l'Europe Alexander
YAKOVLEV, Senior Researcher, Institute of State and Law, Russian Academy
of Sciences Trésorier
/ Treasurer: Luciana MARSELLI MILNER, du "Centro nazionale di prevenzione e difesa sociale" Membres
honoraires / Honorary Members: Inkeri
ANTTILA, Professor Emeritus of Criminal Law; Former Director, Helsinki
Institute of Crime Prevention and Control affiliated with the United
Nations (HEUNI); Former Minister of Justice of Finland (Vice-President) Shigemitsu
DANDO, Former Justice, Supreme Court of Japan; Member of the Academy of
Japan; Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo; Counsellor to the
Crown Prince of Japan Giuliano
VASSALLI, ancien président de la Cour constitutionnelle d'Italie;
professeur émérite de droit pénal de l'Université de Rome; ancien
ministre de la Justice Jozsef
VIGH, Former Head of the Criminological Department, Eötvos Lörand
University, Budapest |
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Eduardo
Vetere Merci beaucoup, Madame
Rozès et chers amis, chers collégues… first of all I have the honour
to convey to you, as all participants of the 14th Congress, the
best regards and the warmest gratitude of the Secretary General of the
Unites Nations, Mister Kofi Annan, for your important contributions to our
work, together with his best wishes for a most successful Congress. Secondarily,
and before touching on the issues attended, allow me also to join you,
Madame, Chair Person, and President of the Society, in stressing the
importance of continuing in our work having in mind the heritage of the
great founders of our movement: Filippo Grammatica and Mark Hansell, who
have transmitted to us one of their most precious gifts. Let
me also – as you did, Simone – recall here another of our great
friends and personalities, Adolfo Beria d'Argentine, the former Secretary
General of the Society, who really, to the United Nations' programme and
to me for so many years, has been a tremendous, invaluable presence, not
only because he was a fantastic magician – to use your words, Simone –
but also because no doubt he was one of the greatest catalysts for the
Social Defence Movement and for criminal justice reform. Really there is
no time here to recall his role for the organisation of the Congress in
Milan, for organising so many of the preparatory meetings related to the
topics of the Congresses, together with the other big fours… no doubt
such contributions are a demonstration of his commitment to the goals and
the objectives enshrined in the United Nations Charter: peace, justice,
respect for human rights and development. And it is particularly in
connection to this later question of development and also development vis-à-vis
human rights that also the International Society of Social Defence has
made important in the work of the United Nations and in all our agendas
for a number of years thanks to the contributions of thinkers, of
reformers, of scientists like you here today. Now,
going to the importance of the issue that you are discussing today, and
starting particularly with the question of the problem of sustainable
development and the role of criminal law: when we speak of sustainable
development we should all recall the Bruntland report of '87 according to
which development should meet – and I quote: «…the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs». A process of change in which exploitation of resources,
the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development
and institutional change are all in harmony and then have both current and
future potential to meet human needs and aspirations. The
central rationale for sustainable development has been to increase people
standards of living, especially the well-being of the least advantaged
people in societies thus avoiding indiscriminate future costs. The topics
that you are going to treat today, as the previous main issues dealt by
the Congresses of the International Society of Social Defence – I just
remember: marginalization in Caracas, urbanisation in Thessalonica – are
all a demonstration of your global virtue in connection with some of these
crucial issues. And of course, when we speak of development, we look at
the current process of technology and the role of technology in helping to
build prosperity, to make it easier and more comfortable for the life of
the people and to ensure better standards of living. However,
it is also true that technology has given rise to new risks to the health
and the security of individuals, creating also new challenges to domestic,
transborder and transnational crime control. In short there are new risks
which are deriving from the current advances in technologies, risks which
have to be studied, evaluated, interpreted, in order to look at their
implications, both in the legal and the social field. This
applies also to the other topics that are being discussed today, that are
particularly… when, for example, we look at the last topic in connection
with the international criminal court and the fact of how many members of
the society have been closed to this issue and particularly today, in
which just a few weeks ago the Statute of the International Criminal Court
has entered into force. No doubt, while these technological problems,
while today's life of globalization is creating new problems, the
international community is also showing his resolve in order to deal more
appropriately at the global level with such problems, as for example the
example of the establishment of the International Criminal Court, the fact
that its Statute has been ratified and soon should become operational. In
our particular field also tremendous progress can be registered. We were
six years ago in Lecce discussing about corruption and nobody could think
that in very few years the international community would be ready to start
negotiating a comprehensive convention against corruption, but we started
and the first ad hoc Committee which was established by the General
Assembly started to work just last January for the negotiation of a new
convention against corruption. A very comprehensive convention touching
both public and private corruption, up to the conflict of interests and
with so many countries presenting concrete proposals and texts and all
this is a good sign that the international community is not only ready to
start seriously this work but most likely to succeed in completing this
work in the two-year time that was given to the Europe Committee in order
to complete the task. Why two years? Because in two years will be also
successfully completed another very important convention with three
additional protocols. I am speaking of the Convention on Transnational
Organised Crime, just negotiated in 1999 and 2000, culminated in the
Palermo Conference in December 2000, in which a record number of
signatures took place: 121 countries signed the Convention during last
year since December 2000, the number of signature has increased to 141 and
at the moment 13 countries have ratified the Convention. So we do hope
that within the next year, or maximum two, we will have the 40 countries
required for the Convention to enter into force as well as the Protocol,
so that the Conference of State parties can start its work in looking
forward and in looking at the implementation of the Convention. These
are just some examples in which the international community, through its
intergovernmental machinery has given follow-up to several of the
recommendations which have emerged from your meeting, from your conference,
from your very important contributions. And
I would like now, as I started in giving you the greetings of Kofi Annan,
to conclude my short address by also quoting his words during his Nobel
lecture when he received the Nobel Prize and I quote, he said: «Today's
real borders are not between nations but between powerful and powerless,
free and fettered, privileged and humiliated. Today no walls can separate
humanitarian or human rights cases on one part and the world from national
security crisis in the other. New threats make no distinction between
races, nations or regions, a new security has entered every mind,
regardless of wealth and status. A deeper awareness of the bond that bind
all of us in pain as in prosperity has gripped young and old». The
coming generations, those for the benefit of whom the International
Society of Social Defence is dedicating this 14th International
Congress, have the right to expect a better future, a future with a new,
more profound and viable framework for development, where crime prevention
and control measures can play their role as a tool of a strengthened, more
modern and more human application of the rule of law. Thank you very much. |
